四、非谓语专题

三大非谓语

to do（不定式）强调未来性或目的性

doing （现在分词）强调正在进行的状态或名词性

done （过去分词）强调被动状态或完成、结束的状态

非谓语就是不能做谓语，其余做什么都行

① 做名词（主语、宾语、表语、其他名词）

② 做定语（修饰名词）

③ 其他修饰成分（状语、补语）

(一) 非谓语做名词

非谓语做名词（主语、宾语、表语及其他名词）
仅doing、to do可顶替名词位置

doing 做名词
doing做名词时，意思最接近其动词本意，故也称为“动名词”
```
Seeing is believing.
Learning English requires a lot of effort.
```
to do做主语、宾语
To learn English is to understand the world in another language.

(二) 非谓语做定语（修饰名词）
前置定语（1个词）；后置定语（多于1个词）
前置定语
仅doing、done可做前置定语，用法极为接近一般形容词
```
He is a rising star.
You will manage English grammar in the following hours.
She loves the fallen leaves.
We had an organized trip.
```
前置定语的用法与意思都像形容词，频繁使用后干脆做个形容词！

excite v.使兴奋
The story excites the boy. 这个故事使男孩兴奋

the exciting story 使人兴奋起来的故事
→ exciting adj.令人兴奋的 The story is exciting(the boy).

the excited boy 被整兴奋了的男孩
→ excited adj. 兴奋的 The boy is excited(by the story).

interest v.使感兴趣 interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的
并不是“ing 形容物，ed 形容人”

Li Ming interests me.
The interesting Li Ming
后置定语

**doing…、done by sth、to do **都可以做后置定语，是难点！
难点1： done与谓语动词的区分，ed = 形容词？非谓语？动词过去式？
```
Much of the language used to describe monetary policy makes it sound like a precise science.
**解决办法：**优先找到一定能是谓语的单词
```
难点2： 长难句中的理解和翻译
```
The true enemies of science are those who question the evidence 
```
supporting the pollution of the ozone layer and global warming.
```
**解决办法：**修饰性非谓语变从句， <span style='color:red;background:背景颜色;font-size:文字大小;font-family:字体;'>一看到无法理解的修饰性谓语，在前面+that be，先当句子去理解</span> 
```
后置定语可转换成定语从句理解 +be 补 that

The man speaking to the teacher is Tom ’s father.
→ The man（that is）speaking to the teacher is Tom ‘s father.

The girl surrounded by others is Lucy.
→ The girl（that is）surrounded by others is Lucy.

Much of the language used to describe monetary policy makes it sound like a precise science.
→ Much of the language (that is) used to describe monetary policy makes it sound like a precise science.

The true enemies of science are those who question the evidence supporting the pollution of the ozone layer and global warming.
→ The true enemies of science are those who question the evidence (that is) supporting the pollution of the ozone layer and global warming.

(三) 非谓语做其他修饰成分（状语、补语）

to do 表目的
① to do 表目的（状语）

<span style='color:blue;background:背景颜色;font-size:文字大小;font-family:字体;'>To improve your English</span>，you need Monkey.
I come to the class <span style='color:blue;background:背景颜色;font-size:文字大小;font-family:字体;'>to study English</span>.

② 表意料之外的结果（状语）

He hurried to the station，<span style='color:blue;background:背景颜色;font-size:文字大小;font-family:字体;'>only to find no bus</span>.
<span style='color:blue;background:背景颜色;font-size:文字大小;font-family:字体;'>Only to find</span> that the joker is me.

doing，done

① **“加be补主” **说得通时（动作发出者通常是主句主语）

(He is) Working in the factory，he was an advanced worker.
He dropped the glass，(he is) breaking it into pieces.
(Microsoft is)Created in 1975，Microsoft has become a tech giant.
He is handsome，(he is) envied by many others.

② “加be补主” 说不通时，“加be补我”或“额外补如果”

(I am) Judging form his appearance，he must be an actor.
(I am) Generally speaking，girls are more careful.
(If) Time (is) permitting （us），we ’ll do another two exercise.
(If I am)Given more time，I ‘ll be able to do it better.

(四) 三大非谓语的复合语态

to do：我来上课是为了被Monkey指导
I come to the class to be guided by Monkey.
doing：被Monkey指导着，我感觉很好
Being guided by Monkey，I feel good
done：我进了一个被Monkey指导的班
I have joined a class guided by Monkey.

(一) 非谓语做名词

(二) 非谓语做定语（修饰名词）

(三) 非谓语做其他修饰成分（状语、补语）

(四) 三大非谓语的复合语态